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English Test No. 2 (Basic Grammer)
English Grammar Guide and short Notes
1. Sentence Structure
Sentence: Arrangement of Words that make complete sense. e.g. We are playing Football. Jim is singing a song.
Structure
- The subject: A word that denotes a person, place, or a thing about which something is said. The subject is the actor who takes action. Note: Subject may consist of one or more words.
- The Predicate: that says something about the Subject.
(Urdu Meaning: Khabar)
Sentence = Subject + Predicate
Example: We are playing Football
Subject = We
Predicate = are playing Football
- Object (Urdu: Mafghool): is a word on which some action is performed.
In the above sentence, Football is the Object. - Phrase: Combination of words that make sense but Not Complete sense.
Examples: On the road, a very big car, in the east.
(URDU: Phrase ka Matlab Jumlay ka Juz/part) - Clause: A simple and small sentence. It is part of larger or longer sentences.
Examples: I saw a Lion who was roaring.
There are two clauses in this sentence.
First clause: I saw a Lion.
2nd Clause: Who is roaring. - ( Clause Chootay Joomlay ko kehtay hen)
Types of Clauses:
Principles Clause: That expresses complete thoughts and Idea.
Subordinate Clause: It depend on another sentence for its meaning.
In the above example,
First clause: I saw a lion, is Principle clause.
2nd Clause: Who is Roaring is subordinate Clause. It depends on the first clause.
2. Types of Sentences
There are 05 types of sentences.
- Statements (Give facts or describe events or things)
- Interrogative ( Sentences in form of questions)
- Imperative
- Exclamatory
- Optative
- Statements: Further divided into two types.
a. Affirmative:
b. Negative:
Examples:
Statements: Jasmine is a pretty girl. Cloud bring us Rain. Pupoo is playing Football.
Interrogative: Where I can get this burger? Did the teacher visit the classroom.
3. Classification of Sentences
- Simple Sentences
- Compound Sentences
- Complex Sentences
- Compound-Complex sentences
Parts of Speech
- Noun
- Pronoun
- Adjective
- Article
- Verb
- Adverb
- Preposition
- Conjunctions
- Interjections